Mohenjo-Daro - 4600 Years Advanced Old City.
Mohenjo-Daro - 4600 Years Advanced Old City.
A) INTRODUCTION-
Thousands of years ago, the people of Mohenjodaro used to live the life we are living today. From today, the people of Mohenjodaro lived a more civilized and better life, who have been buried in the soil about 4600 years ago. Today I am going to tell you about the city of Mohenjodaro. Hello friends, I am Ajinkya Shelar and welcome all of you to the knowledge factory. Mohenjodaro is also called the fort of the dead. This city in South Asia is considered to be the oldest city.This city, built so many years ago, has been built in such a good way that we cannot even imagine it.
B) Where is the Mohenjo-Daro city located? Excavation of Mohenjo-Daro -
The city was built about 4600 years ago in Sindh province of Pakistan
C) Discovery of Mohenjo-daro -
Mohenjodaro was discovered by Indians in 1922 by Rakhaldas Banerjee, who was a member of the Archaeological Survey of India. While doing the excavation work near the Indus river in Pakistan, he first saw the statue of Buddha. He thought that there is some history suppressed below, expressing his apprehension. Furthering this discovery, in 1924, Kashinath Narayan and in 1925 John Marshall did excavation work. Till 1965, this work was done under the supervision of different officers of India. But after this work was stopped because the nature was being damaged due to the excavation.
Till date, only one third part of this city has been excavated. The area of this city is 200 hectares. Because of this civilization, Pakistan is considered as a national icon. In 1856, a British engineer discovered this ancient civilization while constructing a railroad. This engineer was looking for stones to build railway road. So that he can make ballast. Here he got very old and strong bricks, which remained exactly like today's bricks. A man from there told that all their houses are made of these bricks, which he found in the excavation.
Now the engineer understood that those places are connected with the history of an ancient city. It was this engineer who first came to know about this oldest civilization settled on the banks of the Indus River. Due to the passing of the Indus River, this place is also known as the Indus Valley Civilization. At the time of this ancient civilization there was also another ancient civilization which was in the country of Egypt. These things have been said by archaeologists. The Indus Valley Civilization lived from about 2600 BC to 3000 BC. There were some urban places in this ancient civilization, such as Mohenjodaro, Hadappa, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira etc. Among all those cities, Mohenjodaro was the most advance city and was considered the largest organized city.
D) Features of Mohenjo-daro -
Although, Mohen-jodaro built in 26th century BC, it was not discovered until 1920.
Meaning of the Mohenje daro is Hill of the dead or Mound of the dead!! There are around 1500 sites of Indus valley civilization and none of them have any sign of weapons warfare. It implies that that Indus natives were very peaceful in nature. The great bath of Mohenjo-daro is 8 feet deep, 23 feet wide & 39 feet long which was made up of waterproof bricks. Original name of city still not deciphered.
It is written in Harrapan script. According to the archaeologist Michael Jansen, there can be 700 or more wells in this great city.
For this reason, the Archaeological Department first started its search and tried to gather more information about it. After Mohenjo-Daro, Hadappa was an advance city that was also built in advance. Looking at Mohenjodaro, it seems that this city must have been built by a successful civil engineer. But it was made by the Arabic people. The Indus Valley Civilization was suddenly discovered in 1900 BC. People living in these cities do not know anything, but it seems that this city was built after much thought.
Some Archaeologists says that the Mohenjo-daro city will only survive for next 20 years after which it will disappear. The exact reason which led to destruction of this city is stillike unknown. Although city was way advanced than its time, still there is no sign of temples, tombs, palaces and even king and queen. Excavations down to the streets of Mohenjo-daro revealed 44 scattered skeletons sprawled on the streets. It looked as if doom had come so suddenly they could not even get to their houses. The ancient city of Mohenjo-daro is one of the first Arban centre human history. In Southern Pakistan Indus River Vally Mohenjo-Daro is the largest and the best preserved city of the Indus Civilization. Historians have discovered quite a few civilizations in the world. In 1921, archaeologists discovered the ruins of cities in the Indus Valley.
After studying the ruins they concluded that the cities here existed in the 3rd and 2nd millenium BC.
Farmers settled in the Indus Valley in the year 3500 BC. The Indus Valley Civilization thrives between 2500 BC to 1800 BC. It was spread out along the banks of river Indus & covered a large area of modern day Pakistan. Mohenjo-daro and Hadappa are the two largest cities in the Indus Valley. Kalibangan, Ropar & Dholavira were other main cities.
However the Indus valley civilisation collapsed in the year 1500 BC.
E) Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Cities -
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro cities were well planned & laid out in a chessboard pattern. The streets were wide of completely straight. The houses were made up of mud and clay bricks.
A huge fortress was built in city. The cities most important building were situated within the fortress. There was a large granary inside the fortress.
During the excavation, it was found that the people of Mohenjodaro also had knowledge of mathematics, they used to add, subtract, measure them all.
All the bricks used in the city of Mohenjodaro were the same object and the same size.
F)The life of the people of Mohenjo-daro -
The farmers had to give a part of the crop to the city, in which grains were kept. When crops were poorly harvested, grain stored in the city was used. The people of Mohenjo-daro were busying themselves in agriculture, pottery, metals and etc. Apart from grains, they also grow cotton. Graftman makes copper, bronze, gold items. And other ornaments Made up of gold, clay and semi-precious stones. The potter made cooking utensils, eating and drinking utensils, and storage jars. Seven stone and bone seals with images of animals were discovered. The soldiers had many symbols for communication, but we are not yet able to understand them. The remains of the dock yard were found at Lothal. Cotton clothes, pottery, metal artifacts ornaments etc. were exported. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa traded mostly with Mesopotamia, Persia and Afghanistan. Here people made tools and other art objects made of bronze metal. No stone tools were used. Therefore, historians called this era Bronze Age.
G) One most important artefact of Indus Valley Civilization -
The figure of the dancing girl statue was discovered in house of Mohenjo-daro.
It is made of bronze metal, and show the girl as if she is resting after a dance performance. The statue has excited historians all over the world because a reflection on the culture of the Indus valley civilisation which is similar to our modern day culture. The famous seal of the Indus valley civilisation. It is shows that the yogi is surounded by animals. The yogi is pasupati.
Pasupati is the lord of animals. Historians believe that it throws light on the religion of that time.
H) Conclusion -
If there is something missing in this, or if you have any advice or question in your mind, then please tell in the comment box below.
Thank you
Know more. Here are the links of some previous articles.
1. Astronomical Events.
https://knowledgefactory2499.blogspot.com/2020/12/all-you-need-to-know-about-top-and-rare.html
2. Tajmahal.
https://knowledgefactory2499.blogspot.com/2020/11/one-of-seven-wonders-of-world-taj-mahal.html
3. Why is Pluto not a Planet?
https://knowledgefactory2499.blogspot.com/2020/11/why-is-pluto-not-planet.html
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